OU sem 4

TEXT

I met a traveller from an antique land, 

Who said 'Two vast and trunkless legs of stone

 Stand in the desert... Near them, on the sand, Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, 

The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;

 And on the pedestal, these words appear:

My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away:

GLOSSARY

antique /æn'ti:k/ ancient

trunkless/traŋklas/ the trunk (torso, or main body) of the statue is missing

shattered/Jætəd/ broken into very small pieces

visage//vızıdy/ a person's face

wrinkled lip/rinkid lip/ 'to wrinkle one's lips' means to frown or pout in anger

sneer/snia/ a look, remark or tone that shows a lack of respect

sculptor//skalpta/ a person who make sculptures (three-dimensional artworks, such as statues)

passion/pæfn/ emotion (The face of the statue expresses annoyance, sternness, and scornful arrogant superiority towards others.)

stamped/stæmpt/ carved; engraved

mock/mok/ to imitate or to create a model of something (mock-up). Through the use of this word, Shelley also gives the impression that, by copying the king's scowling expression so

perfectly, the sculptor may be making fun of (i.e., mocking) the king. hand that mocked them... heart that fed The pride and arrogance ('passions') of the king.

preserved through the ruins of the statue ('stamped on these lifeless things'), outlive ('survive) both the sculptor ('the hand that mocked' those passions) and the king ('the heart that fed

those passions). pedestal/pedistl/or/pedəstəl/ the base that a column, statue, etc., rests upon

despair/dis' pea/ the feeling of having lost all hope

colossal /kə'losi/ extremely large

wreck /rek/ something that has suffered destruction and ruin

boundless / baundlas/ having no limit (note that "boundless' refers to the 'sands")

Consonant Clusters

Consonant clusters are two or more consonant sounds that come together within a syllabi without any vowel sound between them, for example /// in 'free' and /spr/ in 'spray.

It is important to note that a consonant cluster consists of a sequence of consonant sounds that are a part of the same syllable. Consonant clusters are thus different from sequences of two consonants that belong to different syllables.

For example, the word 'mus.tard' has the letters 's' and 't' coming one after the other, but the corresponding sounds do not form the consonant cluster/st/ because they are a part of different syllables.

When pronounced (correctly), each individual consonant sound within the cluster can be heard distinctly. The /s/, /p/ and /r/ of the consonant cluster/spr/ can be heard clearly when saying the word 'spray' out loud.

Because some of these consonant clusters are not found in Indian languages, speakers of Indian languages sometimes break them up by inserting vowel sounds. For example, some Indians pronounce/skul/ ('school') as either /ts.kul/ or /sə kul/. Learning to sound out conso nant clusters plays a big role in correct pronunciation and speech fluency, especially for those who are learning English as a second language or a foreign language.

Many different consonant clusters are possible in the various dialects of English. These are usually found at the beginning of a word (e.g., the /su/ in 'street') or at the end of words (eg the /ivd/ in 'solved'), Clusters at the beginning of words are either two consonants long (eg. // in 'scold') or three consonants long (e.g., /skr/ in 'scream'). At the end of a word, a cluster can be up to four consonants long (the cluster /1188/ at the end of 'twelfths' is a good example of a four-consonant-long cluster), thus resulting in a large number of possibilities.

Given below are a few common consonant clusters, along with examples of words these clusters appear in. Please note that this is not an exhaustive list. Practise saying each sound out loud.

/pl/  play, apply, apple

/pr/  pray, surprise

/pj/ pure, computer

/bl/

blue, emblem, table

Ibed

brave, cobra

//

beauty

//

free, betray

/tw/ twin, outward

/mj/mute, amuse

/nj/ new, manure

/hj/ huge, in/human

/sp/ splash

/spr/ spray, offspring

/str/ strong, astray

/st/ stupendous

/skr/ screw