KU Warangal, Telangana
Degree English Syllabus
Sem 4 MAY 2024
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Semester 4 question paper JUNE 2023
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Grammar KU Sem 4
Q. Section -A- 1(a) marks 5
Reported Speech
Direct speech
Indirect speech
When we report the exact words of the speaker and write them within inverted commas, it is said to be in direct speech.
Example: Joha said, "Roger Federer has won the match against Rafael Nadal."
In reported or indirect speech we do not report the exact words of the speaker but convey the substance or meaning of a person's speech.
We make some changes when we refer to time, place, personal pronouns and possessive adjectives. The inverted commas are not used in indirect speech.
Example: Gargi said that she enjoyed watching the movie Avatar.
CHANGES IN TENSES
We change tenses when reporting in indirect speech.
(a) When the reporting verb is in the simple present or simple future tense, the verb in reported speech does not change.
Examples
: (a) Shiva says, "I am eating apple pie."
reporting verb in simple present tense
Shiva says that he is eating apple pie.
(b) Brijesh will say, "I am not well and cannot exert myself." (reporting verb in simple future tense)
Brijesh will say that he is not well and cannot exert himself.
(b) When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in reported speech is changed into the corresponding past tense.
Example: The girl said, "I am scared of monsters."(reporting verb in the past tense)
The reporting verb said is in the past tense. So, the verb am changes to was (past tense), corresponding to the tense of the reporting verb.
The girl said that she was scared of monsters.
(c) The reporting verb is in the past tense (said, told)
Verbs change in indirect speech as follows:
is/are/am — was/were
was/were — had been
had been –no change
has/have —had
had – no change
do —did
did —had done
had done —-- no change
will/shall —would(in some cases shall changes to should)
must —-- had to
Change in Tense
Simple Present --- simple past
Present continuous---past continuous
Present perfect--- past perfect
Present perfect continuous--past perfect continuous
Simple past--past perfect
Past continuous- past perfect continuous
Past perfect-- past perfect
Past perfect continuous--Past perfect continuous
Questions:- change the following Direct speech to indirect speech
Q. 1).He said, " I eat mangoes"(Direct)
Answer:-He said that he ate mangoes(indirect)
Question 1 is in present simple so changes to past simple.
Q. 2)Rani said, " I am playing chess"
Rani said that she was playing chess
Q. 3) he said, " I have finished my work just now"
He said that he had finished his work just then.
Q. 4) Raju said to me, " I have been teaching here since 2023.
Raju told me that he had been teaching there since 2023
Q. 5) Rama said, "I saw a movie".
Rama said that she had seen a movie.
Q. 6) Santosh said to his mother," I was going to Hyderabad.
Santosh told his mother that he had been going to Hyderabad.
7)Sunder said;" I had eaten meat"
Sunder said that he had eaten meat.
8) Somesh said to me, " I had been watching a movie.
Somesh told me that he had been watching a movie.
9) She said," I shall go to Medaram".
She said that she would go to Medaram.
10)Shravani Said to sony, " I shall be writing an exam”
Shravani told Sony that she would be writing an exam.
11)Shravani Said to sony, " I shall be writing an exam”
Shravani told Sony that she would be writing an exam.
12)Roni said, 'I will have finished my project”.
Roni said that she would have finished her project.
13)Shivani said to her mother," I will have been writing notes”.
Shivani told her mother that she would have been writing notes.
14)Sony said, "Have you paid the fee?"
Sony asked me if I had paid the fee.
15)Shiva said to me," what are you doing now?".
Shiva asked me what I was doing then.
16)Sukesh Said, Bring the chair".
Sukesh ordered to bring the chair.
17)The teacher said." The Sun sets fin the west".
The teacher said that the sun sets in the West.
18)Sriram Says to me," I play Cricket"
Sriram tells me that she plays cricket.
19)Rai said, "Alas! she is dead"
Rai exclaimed with sorrow that she was dead
20)Soumya said; "Good morning".
Soumya greeted/wished me go.
21) Ramya said to me, "Don't stand here".
Ramya ordered me not to stand there.
22) He said " No"
He refused
23) He said, " Yes.
He agreed.
Note :- Direct speech reporting verb -will say, says, says to, tells - the tense of the sentence given in inverted commas doesn't change.
Unit 1 .Q.1 (B) Commonly confused words
accept: to agree
except: not including
adopt: to choose or take as your own
adapt: to change to suit a need or condition/to adjust
biannual: happening twice a year
biennial: happening once every two years
capital: the seat of government, the money invested, etc.
Capitol: the building in which the American Congress meets
desert: (noun) a large area covered by sand and rocks
desert: (verb) to leave behind/run away
dessert: sweet food eaten at the end of a meal
elicit: to draw out
illicit: not legal
mantel: the shelf above a fireplace
mantle: the responsibilities of an important job (slightly different pronunciations)
Unit 2-Suffixes Q. 2 (B) marks 5×1=5
SUFFIXES
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word .
Suffixes( noun suffixes, adjective suffixes)
-eer- doing an activity.
Ex:, volunteer, engineer,auctioneer
-er--someone who performs an action
Ex: worker, player,shoemaker, writer
-ion—denoting action or condition
Ex: competition, decoration, intimation
-ment – an action or resulting state
Ex-: enjoyment, measurement, commitment
-al: act or process of
rehearsal, arrival,burial
-ness
Meaning: a state or quality
Examples:, happiness,cleanliness,goodness, freshness,
-or
Meaning: a person who is something
Examples: tailor, gardener,sailor, creator, author, mentor
-sion
Meaning: state or quality
Examples: immersion, submission,
-ship
Meaning: position held, condition
Examples: internship, chairmanship,relationship, friendship
able, -ible
Meaning: capable of , suitable for
Examples: avoidable, debatable, flexible, reversible.
-al
Meaning: pertaining to
Examples: musical,accidental,natural, criminal, seasonal
-ary
Meaning: relating to or belonging to.
Examples: military, culinary
-ful
Meaning: full of .
Examples: truthful,handful,harmful, mouthful
-ious, -ous
Meaning: having qualities of
Examples:courageous, religious, anxious, jealous
-ive
Meaning: quality or nature of
Examples: intensive, expensive,extensive, narrative,
-less
Meaning: insufficient or without something.
Examples: childless, motherless,careless, homeless.
- ly
Meaning: in what manner something is being done
Examples: smoothly,softly, cheerfully,beautifully, gladly, cowardly--
-ward
Meaning: direction
Examples:downward, toward, inward, upward, forward, backward-wise
Meaning: in this/ that way
Examples:- family-wise, anti-clockwise,clockwise, likewise, lengthwise, otherwise
Unit 2 -
Q. 2.(A) Conditionals- Marks 5×1=5
If Conditionals
Zero conditional (sure to happen)
First conditional ( likely to happen)
Second conditional (unlikely to happen)
Third conditional (never to happen)
Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used to describe general truths and scientific facts.
CONDITION+RESULT
If there are dark clouds, it rains heavily
If battery has no charge, the mobile does not work
If you stand in the rain, you get wet.
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.
If I don't drink tea, I get a headache.
PRESENT SIMPLE+PRESENT SIMPLE
(facts which are generally true or scientific facts. The condition always has the same result)
First conditional
First conditional or conditional type I is also called probable conditional. In the first conditional,
the if clause is in the present tense.
These sentences describe something that is likely to take place. So, they are also called probable or likely conditionals
If it rains,we will cancel the trip
If you study,you will pass the exam.
PRESENT SIMPLE+WILL/WON'T/can/may)
+ VERB
V1_----------------will/shall/can/may/+v1
(Or)
V1_----------------won't/shan't/can't/may not/+v1
If you invite me, I will come to the party
If you send a written request, you will get a reply.
If the weather is fine tomorrow, I will go walking.
If she gets good grades, she will go to university.
(A possible situation in the future Predicting a likely result in the future (if the condition happens)
Second conditional
If I had enough money, I would buy an Apple phone
If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot.
If she had a piece of land, she could build a new house.
If they sold their house, they would be rich.
If I had time, I would learn grammar.
If I had more time, I might learn German.
If I had more time, I should learn German.
PAST SIMPLE+WOULD+VERB(might/should)
V2--------------would/should/could/might/+v1
Third conditional
Third Conditional or Conditional Type III Read the sentence given below.
If he had stayed at home, he would not have got drenched in the thundershower. This sentence is of conditional type III. The If clause is in the past perfect tense.
The third conditional is used for actions that are impossible to happen. The condition cannot be fulfilled because the main clause refers to an event that has already occured.
Example: If I had left home early, I would have caught the flight.
Both the above examples indicate that the action expressed in the if-clause did not happen and cannot happen now, since the time has already passed.
So, these sentences are examples of Conditional Type III.
For Impossible conditionals we use the pattern:
if + past perfect, would/could etc + have + past participle....
Examples:
(a) If he had arranged a taxi to receive us, he would have told us. (b) If you had watered these plants regularly, they would have grown bigger.
The if-clause can also begin with had if we use it instead of if.
Examples:
(a) Had you practised well, you would have won the dance competition.
(b) Had you taken the medicines regularly, you would have recovered earlier.
(c) Had you reached the ticket counter on time, you would have got the movie tickets.
If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.
If I hadn't been sick, I would have gone to your party.
If you had invited me, I would have come to the party.
PAST PERFECT+ would/could/might have+ past participle
had+V3----------------would/could/should+ have+v3
(The person is imagining a different past Imaginary situation that did not happen)
Use the appropriate form of each verb to fill in the blanks. State the type of conditional (zero or first conditional) and say why it is appropriate in the given context.
a. We.. (become) dark. (go) for a walk at five o'clock if it does not.
b. If she (wear) high heels, her legs(ache).
c. I. brother. (make) dinner if 1 (come) home before my brother.
d. If we (take) the bus, we (not arrive) in time.
e. If Donna disappointed. (not buy) the book, her friends (be)
f. If you.. you to go out. (not tidy) your room, the warden. (not allow)
g. If the girls.. (not get) enough practice. (not play) football thrice a week, they
h. If ice (not be) kept in the fridge, it (melt).
i. If my friends together. (come), we (watch) a movie
j. You junk food. (not lose) weight if you (eat) too much
2. Use the correct forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks in the second conditional sentences below.
a. If she (can) stand up, she------(come) to work
b. If I(have) a mobile, I-----(call) to work.
c. We the sea. (go) swimming more often if we---- (are) near the sea.
d. If my mother (make) breakfast, I (eat) more.
e. Her brother -------(find) more mistakes if only he-----(read) the text again.
f. If you -------(add) a little lemon, the soup----(be) excellent.
g. If we----(not use) any polythene bags, our locality------- (remain) clean.
Q.1.(B)Commonly confused words marks (5×1=5)
Unit 3
Q. 3.(B) Collocations- marks (5×1=5)
Internal exam 1 model
Collocations are made up of combinations of different parts of speech-verb, noun, adjective, etc.
Combination
adjective + noun =1)bright colour. 2) deadly disease
noun + noun=1)sense of humour 2) band leader
noun + verb=1)birds tweet
verb + noun=1)promote culture 2) have a bath
verb + preposition=filled with
verb + adverb=spoke gently
adverb + adjective=happily married
Examples of common collocations :-
ask permission, break loose, catch fire. do better, get wet, hold talks, keep quiet, lose control, make a call, open fire, pay a visit, raise doubts, save money, take a picture, undergo surgery, vote for, wage war, yield results, etc.
Combine words from columns A and B to form commonly used collocations.
EXERCISE
A B
a. make materials
b. fulfil developed
c. dress a project
d. screen traffic
e. prevent code
f. building permission
g. foster a dream
h. basic a disaster
i. have concepts
j. cultural progress
k. highly a film
1. heavy parents
m. grant doubts
n. commission identity
Answers:-
a. make progress
b. fulfill a dream
c. dress code
d. screen a film
e. prevent a disaster
f. building materials
g. foster parents
h. basic concepts
I. have doubts
j. Cultural identity
K. highly developed
l. heavy traffic
m. grant permission
n. Commission a project
Match Column 'A' with Column 'B' (5×1=5)
A B
1. Make a. Parents
2. Foster b. Identity
3. Cultural c. Doubts
4.grant d. Progress
5. Have e. Permission
6.filter f. hair
7.curly g. coffee
8.soft h. drink
Unit 3-
Q. 3.(A)Common errors (5×1=5)
EXERCISES
Correct the Following Sentences.
a. He is six feet high
b. I know the most easiest way to slove the problem.
c. Sheela is studying since morning.
d. The chief guest entered into the auditorium.
e. He made me to wait for long time.
f. They told to him to hurry up.
g. The principal looks angry, isn't it?
h. We go to the school by cycle.
i. Supposing, if the buses are not plying, what shall we do?
j. The stray cattle is taken to the slaughter-house.
Answers:
a. He is six feet tall.
b. I know the easiest way to solve this problem.
c. Sheela has been studying since morning.
d. The chief guest entered the auditorium. e. He made me wait for a long time.
f. They told him to hurry up. g . The principal looks angry
g. The principal looks angry, doesn't he?
h. We go to the school on cycle.
Q. 1.(D).Rewrite the following sentences correcting the underlined part. The entire sentence must be written: 5×1=5
1. One of my uncles work at the Rainbow Cafe.
2. Everyone of the workers receive the same benefits.
3. A catalog of courses and requirements often confuses tudents.
4. Here is the book and the workbook that you will need for this course.
5. Each of the students are studying for the test.
6. Neither of my daughters look like me.
7. Computers, film and television influences the attention span of adolescent
8. A small group of birds are flying in the sky.
9. Idli and sambar are my favourite dish for breakfast..
10. All applications for the job has been received.
11. The furniture of this room are made of teak.
12. We should not make noise.
13. Do you sell eggs by kilo or by dozen?
14. The iron is a useful metal.
15. Last Sunday my brother took me to the good restaurant.
16. There is an institution for blind in the city.
17. Sirichandana goes to the temple in mornings.
18. He is busy at the work and won't be home before 10.30.
19. Kashyap gave the beggar an one rupee coin.
20. Cow is an useful animal.
21. His name is in middle of the list.
22. He is independent from his parents.
23. She has been absent since three days.
24. This chair is quite cheap at Rs. 150.
25. Gautham gave me a chair to sit.
26. We do not sell things for credit.
27. He went to work despite of his illness.
28. You should tell to me exactly what happened there.
29. Giridhar agreed to go to Delhi and stay there for two months.
30. This is a comfortable house to live.
31. We were not allowed to enter into the house
32. See you on next Friday.
33. Sanjana is going to home.
34. Don't ask me money.
35. I have decided to quit my job a week ago.
36. I am tired as I am working since 7 o'clock in the morning.
Answers
1.One of my uncles works at the Rainbow Cafe.
2. Everyone of the workers receives the same benefits.
3. A catalog of courses and requirements often confuses students.
4. Here are the book and the workbook that you will need for this course.
5. Each of the students is studying for the test.
6. Neither of my daughters looks like me.ad
7. Computers, film and television influence the attention span of adolescents.
8. A small group of birds is flying in the sky.
9. Idli and sambar is my favourite dish for breakfast.
10. All applications for the job have been received.
11. The furniture of this room is made of teak.
12. We should not make a noise.
13. Do you sell eggs by kilo or by the dozen?
14. Iron is a useful metal.
15. Last Sunday my brother took me to a good restaurant.
16. There is an institution for the blind in the city.
17. Sirichandana goes to temple in the mornings.
18. He is busy at work and won't be home before 10.30.
19. Kashyap gave the beggar a one rupee coin.
20. Cow is a useful animal, dypopodsvol indtol
21. His name is in the middle of the list.
22. He is independent of his parents.
23. She has been absent for three days.
24. This chair is quite cheap for Rs. 150.
25. Gautham gave me a chair to sit on.
26. We do not sell things on credit.
27. He went to work despite his illness.
28. You should tell me exactly what happened there.
29. Giridhar agreed on going to Delhi and stay there for two months.
30. This is a comfortable house to live in.
31. We were not allowed to enter the house.
32. See you next Friday.
33. Sanjana is going home.
34. Don't ask me for money.
35. I decided to quit my job a week ago.
36. I am tired as I have been working since 7 o'clock in the morning.
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