Satavahana University Karimnagar Semester 3 English paper pattern 2020-2021BA/BCom/BSc/BBM

 III SEMESTER   B.A/ B.COM/ B.Sc/ B.B.M  GENERAL ENGLISH-2020-21- TIME : 3 HOURS                                                                                  MARKS : 80

SECTION - A  ( 4×5=20 )

I    ANNOTATIONS 

     ANSWER ANY FOUR  OUT OF SIX ANNOTATIONS  ( 4×5=20 )

SECTION - B  ( 3X20= 60 )

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

II A 1. ESSAY QUESTION FROM THE FIRST LESSON                                          10 MARKS

       2. READING COMPREHENSION  ( SEEN PASSAGE )                                       5 MARKS

       3. ARRANGE THE GIVEN WORDS  TO FORM A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE   5 MARKS

                              OR

   B  1. ESSAY QUESTION FROM THE FIRST LESSON                                         10 MARKS

        2.READING COMPREHENSION ( UNSEEN PASSAGE )                                 5 MARKS

        3. ARRANGE THE GIVEN SENTENCES IN A MEANINGFUL SEQUENCE     5 MARKS

III  A 1.ESSAY QUESTION FROM THE SECOND LESSON                                    10 MARKS

         2. LETTER WRITING                                                                                        5  MARKS

         3.PARAGRAPH WRITING ( 50  WORDS )                                                       5 MARKS

                                                      

                                OR

     B 1.ESSAY QUESTION FROM THE SECOND LESSON                                    10 MARKS

         2.NOTE MAKING                                                                                               5 MARKS

         3.ESSAY WRITING( 100 WORDS )                                                                   5 MARKS

IV  A 1. ESSAY QUESTION FROM THE THIRD LESSON                                      10 MARKS

         2. IDENTIFICATION OF ERRORS IN THE GIVEN SENTENCES                   5 MARKS

         3.DIALOGUE WRITING                                                                                   5 MARKS

                                          OR

     B  1. ESSAY QUESTION FROM THE THIRD LESSON                                    10 MARKS

          2. EXPANSION OF PROVERBS                                                                    5 MARKS

          3.CORRECT AND REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES                  5 MARKS

Transformation?

 Transformation?

Om Namo Bagavathe Sri Auravindaya.

Oh God !  I surrender myself to you

Give me strength to swim across the powerful currents of these turbulent times.

 A litmus test?

 Dark phase in life makes  closer to God?

Unite with divine?

Is the Dark phase  a blessing?

Enlightened me? Awaiting Transformation ?

All my physical, mental trauma,pain,suffering and numbness left to You

 Oh ! Divine Mother awaken this ignorant soul.

Show the spritual path leading to eternal bliss.

Ah! I hear a voice.

Oh ! mortal,worry not.

A Tree poem by Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo's poem 

A Tree  

A tree beside the sandy river-beach

  Holds up its topmost boughs

 Like fingers towards the skies ,they cannot reach,

 Earth-bound, heaven-amorous. 

This is the soul of man. Body and brain

 Hungry for earth our heavenly flight detain. 

( Later edition of this work: The Complete Works of Sri Aurobindo.- Set in 37 volumes.- Volume 2.- Collected Poems.- Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, 2009.- 751 p)

 A tree  by sri Aurobindo is a six line spritual poem containing a quartain and a couplet. abab rhyme scheme in quartain. He speaks about attaining higher level of sprituality in humans.Tree is used as a metaphor. A Tree beside river is with its branches upwards like fingers towards heaven.Though the boughs try to reach skies it cannot touch the sky. The poet talks about tree's positivity to reach Supreme God. Tree is deep rooted to the earth and immovable,still tries to reach divine. whereas the man is earthly bound and with carnal desires doesn't want to get spritual awareness.he always wanted to be in his dark castle with temporary & momentous happiness. the last couplet reveals that with the physical desires man detains his flight to heaven.

The Touch by Abburi Chayadevi - Summary and Annotations

Satavahana University Degree English sem 3-year 2018,2019-20,2020-21 (old syllabus).

SRR Govt.Arts& Science College Karimnagar

The Touch   స్పర్శ

                                    Abburi Chayadevi

englishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com

The Touch (Sparsha) short story is originally written in Telugu by Abburi  Chayadevi, a well known Telugu fiction writer. It is translated into English by Jayasree Mohanraj. She worked as a Librarian at JNU, New Delhi. She was born in Rajamundry, A.P. She was awarded Sahitya Akademi award in 2005 for her collection of short stories Tana Magam  Her stories have been translated into English and Spanish besides many Indian languages. Her stories mainly deal with the women issues, family bonding and gender discrimination.P

The Touch – Analysis

This is the story about an octogenarian father and his married daughter. It mainly focuses on the upbringing of the girl child in an orthodox family and daughter’s longing for her father’s affectionate touch since childhood. Ironically, the ailing father craves for her daughter’s touch at the end of the story. The Story is narrated by the daughter. Her father always kept her at a distance in the name of discipline, madi ( a ritual of purity followed by orthodox Hindu) and orthodox beliefs.

When the daughter  visited her bed ridden father, he asked  her to sit next to him on  the cot but she sat at the edge of the cot as her relationship with her father was more reserved than intimate..  She had no courage to touch her father due to the fear and diffidence created over  twenty years .When the narrator was in school, her father used to ask harshly about her score in Maths at the threshold instead of embracing lovingly. She could not open up her heart and died with fight. She recollected a rickshaw journey with her father as a teenager. Though there was enough space she huddled at the far end.  She longed to console her father when her brother died but she could not break way from the constraints of rigid relationship and customs.The narrator met her father to enquire  about his health .Father stroked her hand affectionately and asked her to move to town to live with him..At this moment, she felt as if her education, job and everything else was superficial. Her father tender touch haunted her while going back home in a rickshaw..Patriarchal society never allows women to take independent decisions. She is disappointed at her inability to fulfill her father's wish.

The major themes of the story are Patriarchy, orthodox beliefs, upbringing of a girl child and longing for  tender touch.. Aburri in her story throws light on orthodox belief of  Indian parents that son is the carrier  of the family line and he is the one who performs the last rites of the parents to free them from their earthly bonds .The story emphasizes that daughters also love their parents on par with  sons . Daughters also have the ability to take care of their aged parents with love and affection.

          englishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com                                            Annotations

1)“From the time I learnt my first letters of the alphabet, father had kept me at a distance-in the name of discipline, and because of Madi, his orthodox way of life”

Reference:- These lines are extracted  from the short story “The Touch” written by a well known Telugu fiction writer Abburi Chayadevi. She worked as a Librarian at JNU New Delhi and took voluntary retirement and settled down in Hyderabad.

Context:- the narrator recollects her childhood when she visits her ailing father. She is kept at a distance by her father in the name of discipline and madi. Her father never touched and caressed her with love and affection. When she returns from the school her father used to ask her marks in Maths at the threshold instead of embracing her lovingly .

Meaning:- The narrator craves for the affectionate  touch of her father since her childhood. Ironically octogenarian father longs for the touch of her daughter in his old age.

2) “As I returned in the rickshaw, father’s tender touch haunted me. Tears welled in my eyes and blurred my view of the road”

Reference:- These lines are extracted  from the short story “The Touch” written by a well known Telugu fiction writer Abburi Chayadevi. She worked as a LIbrarian at JNU New Delhi and took voluntary retirement and settled down in Hyderabad.

Context:- The narrator meets her father on one of her visits to the town.  Her father strokes her hand and pleads her to move to the town with her family so that he can stay with her. She looks at him helplessly. Patriarchal society never allows women to take independent decisions. She is disappointed at her inability to fulfill  her father's wish.

Meaning:- She doesn’t reassure him on his request. As she returns her home in a rickshaw, her father’s tender touch haunts her. She has been craving for her father’s affectionate touch since childhood. For her it is a dream come true.

  For Telugu story click the below given link

https://lit.andhrajyothy.com/stories/sparsha-447 

video lesson-https://youtu.be/7qFRyzwGGL4

Abburi interview.https://youtu.be/fPVXjeCqOLE

 S. Rajesh Kumar

Story Audio

HOW SHOULD ONE READ A BOOK BY VIRGINIA WOOLF( On Reading Books summary)

Satavahana University Karimnagar- Degree English semester-2( old syllabus text)

SRR Govt.Arts& Science College Karimnagar

englishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com
HOW SHOULD ONE READ A BOOK-  (ON READING BOOKS)

VIRGINIA WOOLF

Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) was a famous novelist and critic of the twentieth century. Her famous novels are Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse  and Orlando. She is also well known for her essays A Room of One’s Own, and The Second Common Reader . She employed “Stream of Consciousness“ a fictional technique  in her novels. Stream of Conscious Technique is a mode of narration that involves the full spectrum and continuous flow of a character’s mental process.  Woolf suffered from poor mental health and committed suicide in 1941.

Dongari Mallaiah, also known as Ampasayya Naveen, was the first to use this narrative mode in telugu literature in his novel Ampasayya

Woolf recommendations on how to read a book

The present essay “On Reading Books” is taken from The  Second  Common Reader  written by Virginia Woolf.

The essayist urges the readers to separate the books as they have classes in literature such as fiction, biography, auto biography  and memoirs and get the right value from them. Most of the readers read books with blurred and divided minds. She suggests readers not to read with preconception. The reader should not dictate to the author or tell him, what he must write. Try to understand the author and be his fellow worker. Reader has to open his mind widely to get minute things and twists in the book. Woolf compares 32 chapters of a novel to a big building. She opines that reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. To understand the novelist she urges us not to read but to write our experiences in life, which may be comic or tragic. Then the reader understands the hard work of an author.

Woolf suggests us to turn our mind from our book to the opening pages of some great novelists like Daniel Defoe, Jane Austen, and Thomas Hardy . All the three belong to different worlds. Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is a travel narrative. Open air and adventure signify much to Defoe but they have no meaning to Jane Austen. Jane Austen world is domestic world. She draws her characters from real life. The theme of her novels is matrimony. Main ingredients of her novels are drawing room conversations, dances weddings and love. Her famous novels are Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield park and Emma.  Whereas Thomas Hardy is associated with pessimism,fate nature and tragedy. (Hardy novels The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the d’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure). If the reader wants to  make use of all that the novelist gives, he  must capable of great imagination.

Some refuse to read Biographies and autobiographies stating they are not work of art. The essayist opines that biographies and auto biographies are equally important as fiction and poetry. Woolf says that we must remain readers but  not as critics. Reader  has his own importance and responsibility.

For video lesson click the below link

https://youtu.be/-9MXmxLisI8

S. Rajesh Kumar

englishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl- Summary and Analysis

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl- Summary                 Satavahana/TU/PU/KU/OU  Telangana university- English Literature & Twentieth century-II. Sem 2. Course 10                 MA Semester 2.PAPER III- FICTION                          UNIT V. Short stories. englishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com SRR Govt.Arts& Science College Karimnagar

Roald Dahl is not only famous for children fiction but also for adult suspense thrilling short stories. Lamb to the slaughter is a twisty short story of a devoted housewife of a detective, who kills her husband instantly, hitting with a big frozen leg of lamb.

 Lamb is a symbol of innocence, submissiveness, meekness and it represents Jesus Christ in Christianity. Lamb, unknown of impending danger, innocently follows his master when he takes it to the slaughter.  Mary Maloney is portrayed as caring and submissive wife in the story. Both wife and husband  symbolises lamb as they don't know consequences. Patrick Maloney is killed by wife for his decision to divorce her.  Patrick never imagines this slaughter,as his wife is meek.  Mary also doesn't know the consequences and future of unborn child after murdering her husband.

 Mary is six months pregnant, does domestic chores perfectly, every day waits eagerly for her husband to return home from work. Everyday evening, they both sit together and have drinks and it is wonderful time of day to her.   Mary slightly feels sick after hearing his harsh words. While he is going out, she goes to the kitchen, takes out a big frozen leg of lamb out of the freezer and hits hard on the back of Patrick's head. He collapses instantly on the floor within seconds. Mary realizes her inhuman act and contemplates about her unborn baby’s future. To save herself from the ghastly crime, she hatches a plan meticulously. As part of the plan, she goes to visit grocery shop and comes back home. As soon as she returns, she sees the motionless body of Patrick and bursts into tears. Then she calls the police. Immediately, two policemen and a doctor rush to the crime spot and begin investigation. They feel that weapon is crucial evidence to catch the murderer. Mary begs policemen to have supper as it is nearly 9 o'clock. They initially refuse but later on they yield to her repeated requests. Mary serves a big frozen leg of lamb to the police, which is taken out of the oven and eagerly awaits outside of the door to listen to their conversation. She giggles listening to the words spoken by a policeman to Jack, another policeman,regarding the weapon, that, probably it would be right under their nose.

 Usually a submissive woman  begs her husband not to  abandon her in this juncture as she is carrying a baby.She doesn't cry or  curses him for divorcing. she stays quiet and peaceful.

In the story the author doesn't clearly mention the reason for killing Patrick but reader can understand  from their conversation that .the reason is divorce.

 Dramatic Irony is that the readers know whereabouts of the weapon but the characters don't know though it is  right under  their nose. Twist in the story is that submissive wife kills her husband in a fit of rage and  escapes  the punishment cleverly by spoiling the evidence permanently.

watch film on youtube https://youtu.be/zAPw-uFhqjA

S. RajeshKumarenglishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com

AZADI -A PARTITION NOVEL

AZADI

                                Chaman Nahal

Chaman Nahal’s “Azadi’ is a moving and heart breaking story of the seven west Punjabi   families, who were deeply affected by the partition. The novel is divided into three parts they are 1)lull 2)The storm 3)The aftermath. In the second part there is heart--rending graphic description of riots and annihilation of Hindu families in Sialkot

Lala Kanshiram, a central character, an epitome of humanity, had respect for the British , as they  had brought peace to the war torn land and made a nation. But his faith in the Angrez Raj diminished when he heard the announcement of the British to quit the country after partitioning it. We understand his displeasure with the British when Lala made angry remarks about the irresponsibility of the British that the British never thought of them while  partitioning the country and they betrayed the minorities sanctioning division. The word “refugee” was new to Lala, he didn’t understand it and said to  himself “I was born here ,this is  my home –how  can I be a  refugee in my home”.

 Nahal aptly titled the novel. Azadi is an ironic title( freedom)The freedom which threw  them on the road, made homeless, forced to leave the motherland and there was  not a  family that  had not suffered in riots.Some  lost  loved ones, some women were abducted and raped. Did they want freedom at the cost of the lakhs of deaths? author questions the so-called leaders of the nation, through the central character Lala, and accuses them for not  taking into  consideration of  the lives of  the minorities in Pakistan. Lala  was deeply  anguished when he was asked by an enquiring officer in Amritsar  that what the  purpose of  going to  Delhi was .To quote Lala’s  unpleasant remarks “I am going there to  have a meal  with Nehru to celebrate  Azadi”.

This is a wonderful book, which put the terrible  history and agony of the people  before  the future generations to learn the  lessons from the past.

image galllery

University of Hyderabad workshop

   

SRR College

 

First year students BZC 2019

 

PhD Viva voce Osmania University

Still I Rise BY MAYA ANGELOU Analysis

Analysis of the poem Still I Rise BY MAYA ANGELOU The main theme of the poem 'Still I Rise ' is racism. She is up against the major problem that is racial difference,.Negritude writers aim was the celebration of 'blackness' . They attempted to rescue blackness from its definition in negative terms. Maya addressed the issue of 'colour discrimination' "I "in the poem is undoubtedly the poet 'Maya'. Addressee in the poem 'you" is white skinned person. In the first stanza itself the poet attacks the historians who have recorded their history, culture as primitive abd as inferior human race. this reminds us of Edward Said' lines in his book ' Orientalism' that Occidents or the west recorded their observations based on commonly held assumptions about the 'orient' as exotic and immoral. The speaker asks his addressee to see whether she has broken ,bowed head and lowered eyes. the poet arrogant nature may embarrass him because she laughs like she has got gold treasure. ;you may shoot with your words' you....................' the speaker challenges the addressee, a white skinned which ever methods he choose for instance, shoot with words, cut with eyes an kill with hatefulness. She stands against all the odds Maya strong belief is that she rises out of the panic stricken past and the history leaving behind terrible nights. She firmly says she sees a new dawn which is very clear. Bringing the gifts... I am................ the poet not inherited culture from her ancestors .She wants to bring that gifts, the African mythic past to rise in the present racialist society THE REPETITION OF THE WORDS 'STILL I RISE' SHOWS HER INTENSE FEELINGS ABOUT RAClSM

For poem recitation click the below link

Still I Rise poem

englishlanguage-lit.blogspot.com

Hullabaloo in guava orchard -kiran desai

SUMMARY OF HULLABALOO IN THE GUAVA ORCHARD:KIRAN DESAI
Dr.D.Ramakrishna

                Mr.Chawla lived in Shahkot with his family. He was a head clerk at
the Reserve Bank of Shahkot. In one year, there were no rains and heat
wrapped Shahkot and its surrounding area. It was a terrible drought to
Shahkotians. They were struggling to survive.
        In these circumstances, his wife, Kulfi, was pregnant. She was in
great hunger for food. She used to eat almost everything. She
purchased many eatables from the market.  Later, as she had no money
to purchase, she sold the valuable articles for food. Shahkotians were
amazed to see Kulfi’s fast growing stomach.
        As she was obsessed with food and she was unable to get sufficient
amount of food, she became half-insane. She drew the pictures of
fruits, vegetables and delicious non-vegetarian dishes on the walls.
It dreaded her husband, Mr. Chawla.
        One day, she gave birth to a baby boy. He was named as Sampath
Chawla. From the beginning, he was a lazy and lone boy. He spent most
of his time in dreaming. He is like his mother in these aspects. He
was unable to get a job. Most of his friends settled in jobs. His
friends who got more red F’s also got jobs. Then, his father found a
job for him. It was a postal clerk. Sampath Chawla was neither
overjoyed nor depressed for getting a job. He was as usual.
         Sampath used to go to post office by cycle. Most of the employees
there were wasting their time by speaking useless junk. He didn’t
participate in those discussions. He used to open the others’ letters
and read them. It gave a different satisfaction. He came to know the
personal of shahkotians by this habit.
        As a usual custom, he took some duties at his boss’s daughter’s
marriage function. He was insane there. He behaved foolishly and began
to disrobe himself. Amidst shrieks of the people, he lowered his
trousers and even underpants. His boss dismissed him from the
services. He was jobless now.
        He hated his miserable life. One day, he went to bazaar and caught
the first bus he saw. When it was proceeded up the hill side, he
jumped out from the window and ran into an old orchard. He climbed a
guava tree there. He reached to the top of the tree and settled there
comfortably. He felt stillness in the orchard. He liked it.
        His family searched for him and at last found him in the orchard.
They asked and begged him to come down but in vain. They thought of
his marriage which might cure his oddities. His father brought the
girl to the tree but Sampath did not want to marry and he wanted to
live alone.
        He spoke of Mr.Singh’s personal life who was in crowd which came with
Sampath’s parents. Then the people began to fee that he was a
monkey-baba. He got the information which he said to Mr.Singh from the
letters he read. Newspapers published it next day as the emergence of
monkey baba in the guava orchard. Slowly, many began to visit him. His
father thought of a plan. He established many shops around the
orchard. He thought that his son was a fortune to his family.
        As much food available in the orchard, monkeys started to come there.
They had the habit of drinking alcohol. They drank rum. They started
to disturb Sampath, the renowned monkey-baba and his devotees. They
created hullabaloo in the orchard. The officials applied all possible
plans to catch the monkeys: trained monkey hatchers and nets.
        The officials were making all arrangements to catch them. At the same
time, Sampath’s father came to the tree to bring down his son. But, he
was not there. He and his family searched for Sampath by calling his
name. One devotee  wept by crying for baba and began to faint and she
fell down in the ready arms of Sampath’s father.
        By the terrible event in the orchard, the crowd threw the police and
ran into the orchard. The alarmed monkeys of coming danger ran into
the adjacent university research forest and traveled higher and
higher. Thus, the novel ends with the monkeys’ and shahkotians’
hullabaloo in the guava orchard.

Ramakrishna .D

Asst.prof of English

ramdulam@gmail.com 

SATAVAHANA UNIVERSITY DEGREE SEMESTER 4 ENGLISH PREVIOUS Q.P 2019 MAY

Satavahana university UG English semester IV notes 2019-20

Unit-5- Arjun (Old syllabus)

                                                      Mahasweta Devi

        “Arjun” is a thought-provoking short story written by Mahaswetha Devi, a human rights activist and a fiction writer. She worked for the upliftment of the tribes in Bengal and Bihar. Her famous works are “Mother of 1084”, “Aranyer Adhikar”, “Rudali “, etc. Her first book was “Jhansir Rani.” She got the Sahitya Academy Award in 1979 for her “Aranyer Adhikar”. She got the Padma Shiri and Padma Vibhushan award from the Govt. of India and the Ramon Magasaysay  Award from the govt. of Philippines.

               “Arjun” is a short story in which Shabars, the tribes of Purulia, saved the arjun tree which they considered a manifestation of the divine. Ketu Shabar was a tribal youth from Purulia. He worked  for Bishal Mahato, a landlord. Ketu was in and out of jail many times. His crime was clearing the jungles for the paddy crop of Bishal Mahato. Ram Haldar, the saw – mill owner, transported  the trees. Mahato and Haldar belonged  to different parties, but both exploited  Ketu and others.

          Ketu and his companions looked upon Mahato and Haldar as deities. They obeyed  their orders. Ketu never questioned  his predicament. He accepted  it as his fate.

        One day Bishal Mahato ordered Ketu to cut down the arjun tree .Ketu was startled and asked: “Why babu? ”  Mahato replied:‘’ Just do what I say’’. [Mahato and Haldar hoisted different flags but they were like sugar in milk. Mahato himself compared cutting the tree to the death of a Mahapatra, a noble soul.]                                                                                                                                                                                       

          Ketu thought it over. He discussed it with his friends Diga, Banarmali and Pitamatar for a solution. Diga was an educated person among them. Their predicament was strange. They would be sent to jail if they obeyed or disobeyed the orders,

                     Diga advised them to involve other tribals like Santhals, Khedia, Bhumij too. The tree was inextricably linked with their lives. It evoked past memories in their minds. [During festivals and weddings, they went round the arjun tree, beating their  dhol, dhamsas. It was their goddess. It brought them good luck.They believed, it had medicinal properties. The tribals revered the arjun tree. It was the only relic of the Bandihi jungles. The tree stood at the intersection. It was the last mute symbol of their existence. It was there from time immemorial. They recalled stories about the arjun tree. They offered prayers to it before going on hunting expeditions. The full grown arjun tree was very grand. It had a shining bark and the top was touching the sky. During summer, it provided cool shade. That one tree was the entire jungle for them. They were the children of the forest. Till they built there huts, they lived under the arjun. When Halder burnt their shanties, Santhals came to the tree for shelter and consolation.]
            Diga struck upon a plan. They assured Mahato that work would be done by the time he returned from the town. As Bishal Mahato neared the village, his head reeled to see the tree alive. All around the tree the sound of the dhol-dhamsa-damak and nagra boomed. A huge crowd had gathered around the arjun. The tree was covered with garlands. People from all the tribes had gathered to worship the tree.
Ram Haldar informed Bishal Mahato that the Gram Devata had made them do it. Diga had a dream; in that dream Bishal Mahato instructed them to build a concrete base around the trunk. A mela was going on Haldar and Mahato realized that the tribals made fools of them. A stupendous crowd was there. Ketu was dancing away like a maniac with his dholok. Bishal got scared. A strange fear gripped him.
                 On this happy note Mahaswetha Devi concludes the story. Thus, the tribes save the arjun tree from the clutches of the landlords with a clever plan. The story is very inspiring. It is very relevant too.
           

Unit-6- Woman

              Ismat  Chugtai   

Introduction:-  Ismat Chugtai was a famous Urdu writer and an expert in gender studies. She fought for women’s rights. Being an Indian Muslim writer of pre -independence days, she needed a lot of courage to speak frankly.  She belonged to the Progressive Writers Association.

“Woman” is a caustic attack launched by Ismat Chughtai on the illogical proclamations made by great thinkers of every age about women. Some emphasized her beauty. Some focused on her purity. Some lifted her up to the skies, some others flung her into the mud. Some called her angel. Others called her devil. These remarks baffled the author.
In this patriarchal society, men said man was cruel and women quietly became submissive. Men said that a woman was faint-hearted, and she got scared of a mouse. Men expected her to sacrifice and she sacrificed her life in a flash.
Very rightly Ismat Chugtai asks when a woman’s honour is ravaged, why can’t a man’s be? Does he have no honour to lose? A woman has an illegitimate child, but not a man. Why? Ismat Chugtai laughs at the ridiculous accusations made by men against women.
A widow’s bangles are shattered but a widower’s watch, spectacles or huqqah are not. A widow cannot wear colourful dress but a widower walks around suited and booted. Thus society treats widows very cruelly.
A woman is repeatedly told to be a good mother, daughter, wife and daughter-in-law. Ismat Chugtai rightly questions whether women asked men any time to bear children or nurse them. This is because of man’s inferiority. Man is afraid of equality with woman.
Towards the end of the essay Ismat Chugtai talks about the positive side of the modern scenario. Differences are disappearing. Women are participating in every sector. Men are sharing domestic chores with women. If the wife makes the beds, the husband prepares the milk bottles. They prepare breakfast together, get ready their children and leave for work. Even the house wife does not merely gossip all the time. She washes and irons clothes, buys rations, does part – time job.
In conclusion, Ismat Chugtai offers a few wise suggestions to us.
In college or school women should be students and nothing else.
In offices, women should focus on work.
At the office, we are all humans, not weaker or stronger sex.
Last but not the least, marriage is not a person’s only goal.
Thus, in this essay, Ismat Chugtai raises many critical questions on gender discrimination and offers very useful suggestions to set right the situation. 

Unit-7-Father Returning Home

                                                       Dilip Chitre

Dilip PUrushottam Chitre is a famous poet. He excelled in English as well as Marathi. His poetry collection is “As Is Where Is”. His writings reflect urban culture. Besides poetry, he excelled at painting and film-making.

The poem presents the plight of an old man who lives in the city. The narrator is the son of the old man. The old man is returning home by the late evening train. He is a daily commuter. He is standing among silent commuters. He does not pay attention to the suburbs passing by. His shirt and pants are soggy. His raincoat is stained. His bag, full of books, is torn. His eyes are dim.

He gets off the train like a word dropped from a long sentence. It is a very apt simile. No one notices him. He hurries across the platform, crosses the railway line, enters the lane and walks onward with his dirty chappals.

At home, he drinks weak tea, eats a stale chapatti, and reads a book. He expresses his disgust upon man’s estrangement silently in the washroom. He trembles at the sink, when cold water touches his hands. His children don’t share their jokes or secrets with him. He goes to sleep listening to the radio and dreaming about ancestors and grandchildren. In his dreams, he sees nomads conquering the subcontinent.

The poem conveys the bleakness of the old man’s life. The poet uses certain words and imagery to create an atmosphere of desolation: silent, stale, yellow, grey, dimmed, fade, weak, narrow etc. His life is stale like the chapatti he eats. He is neglected by his family members. He is sandwiched between other commuters in the train. His dress is stained and he looks tired. His condition is pitiable.

Thus, the poem depicts the plight of old men in metros who must work to earn money. The poem sensitizes us to the issues of the old people. At the same time, we must agree that the scenario is fast changing. Nowadays, old people are asserting themselves by setting aside a sum of money for their comfortable retired life. They are leading an active and independent life.

Unit-8- Jatra

                                                                                             Arjun Deo Charan

Arjun Deo Charan is a poet, theatre director and playwright from Rajastan. He has been the Chairman of Rajastan Sangeet Natak Akademi since 2011. He received Sahitya Akademi Award for his Rajastani play “Dharam Judh”.

This play focuses on the erosion of human values in the present-day society. It makes us understand that those values are hard-earned by our ancestors and they are a guiding light to all the human beings. It requests us to follow those values to save the humanity.

This play begins with the interaction between Pathway and Shadows. Pathway symbolizes the right path one has to tread upon and shadows are manifestation of human values such as truth, morality, good-conduct, honesty, concern and love. The fire in the pitchers that are there on their heads represents the heritage of humans. When Shadows are ready to leave from this place as man has become a terrible beast and society is thoroughly corrupt, Pathway stops them and it is willing to accompany them to go to the police station for the protection of values.
At the police station, the Sepoy1 misunderstands them as dangerous and threatens them to leave the place at once. Shadows reach the temple and they overhear the plan of some masked men about terroristic activities. They go again into the police station to inform about it. The Sepoys and Inspector wrongly call Shadow as terrorist and arrest it. They produce it at the court.
At the court, Shadow comments on swearing on the Gita. It says that many are not telling truth even after swearing on the Gita. Therefore, the judge must be guilty of this abuse of the Gita. It also comments that the blindfold of the goddess of Justice must be removed on the premise that seeing justice is more important than mere hearing. Finally, the Judge pronounces life imprisonment to Shadow i.e. to humanism.
Shadow objects that while the hands and legs of the humanism are fastened with shackles, the people are dumbfounded. It says that people should not worry about death because all are journeying from the mother’s womb to the tomb. It also says that fighting injustice is not a crime and tolerating injustice as a passive witness is a crime. The play ends with Shadow’s waiting for a man to take the charge of the torch of humanism before it becomes extinct.

Dr.D.Ramakrishna

Asst.prof.of english

Satavahana university General English semester 2 new model paper 4credits

GENERAL ENGLISH

FACULTIES OF ARTS/SCIENCE/COMMERCE/SOCIAL SCIENCES

B.A/B.Sc/B.Com/B.B.A (I year )Examination

Semester 2      Paper I

 ( Old syllabus)

Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:80

SECTION A    (4x5=20)

I. Annotate any four of the following.   

a) When the person at the far end turned up to take his share, Rakesh’s eyes fell o his
     trembling  hands. 
b)To read a novel is a difficult and complex art
c)”My father lived at Blenheim then,
   Yon little stream hard by;
d)”Now tell us all about the war,
     And what they fought each other for.”
e) Do not dictate your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker  and  accomplice..
f) A handful of NRIs were flying back with a motto: “Do something for your country”.

    SECTION – B        (3X20=60)

Answer all the questions
2.A.(i) Write a note on the short story “The Reluctant Philanthropist”              1x10=10
    (ii)Fill in the blanks with suitable idioms                                            5x1=5
a. Ramesh attends college __________
b. The thief was caught  ________________________by the police.
c. I thought the interview would be difficult but it was a_______________
d. Steve Job’s latest book tells the story of his from ______________________
e. Politicians shed __________________over the plight of the unemployed.
( A-Z, once in a blue moon, red handed, a piece of cake , crocodile tears)
(iii)Fill in the blanks with a suitable discourse marker from the given hints       5x1=5
My mother is a homemaker, ___________my friend’s mother is an employee in state government.
 Arranged marriages are unusual in the west, In the middle East __________they are common
_________ she is not interested in studying MBBS
_______we reached our destination safely.
It was laborious task __________,we didn’t give up
 ( finally, whereas, nevertheless, on the other hand, as a matter of fact)
                                               Or
B.(i) The short story ”Reluctant Philanthropist” highlights the plight of NRI parents. Explain?                                                                                                                                                   1x10=10
(ii) Change the degree of comparison without changing the meaning        5x1=5
Meera is not as clever as Padma                      ( change into CD)
Raju is taller than Ramesh                                ( change into PD)
Asoka was greater than many other kings        ( change into SD)
Very few cities of India are as big as Mumbai ( change into CD)
I am as tall as she                                             ( change into CD)
(iii)Change the following active voice to passive voice.                                5x1=5
       a. I cut an apple
       b. They are selling mangoes
       c. Tagore wrote Gitanjali
       d. Close the door
       e. Raman is singing a song.
3. A.(i) Explain Virginia Woolf’s  advice on how to read a book?     1x10=10
(ii) Change the following sentences into the indirect speech                     5x1=5
a. They said, “they take exercise everyday”
b. Hurrah! I won the lottery.
c. She said “ My brother told a story”
d. They said to her, “Please help us”
e. He said, “ My brother is planting a sapling”
(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs.    5x1=5
a. I don’t know where my book is, I have to ________it.
b. His father __________smoking last month.
c. It’s warm inside. ________your coat.
d. Quick !________on the bus. It’s ready to leave.
e. It’s dark inside. Can you __________the light, please.
     (switch on , get on, gave up, look for, take off)
                                                    Or
B.(i)What are the reading strategies suggested by Virginia Woolf in her essay “On Reading
Books”                                                                                                      1x10=10
(ii)  Use the words in brackets to form a new word that fits into each blank. 5x1=5              
a. I want to be a _______________when I grow up(photograph)
b. Practice and patience are the key to ____________(Succeed)
c. Director’s death  has  ______________the film fraternity (shock)
d. Please show me your _____________and your insurance papers(identify)
e. Scientists hope the new drug will prove ______________to  many people(benefit)
(iii) Add an appropriate question tag to each one of the following statements.       5x1=5
a.  Srilatha is very brave _____________?
b. Let’s go to the movie,_____________?
c. They work in the bank,____________?
d. Sania  plays Tennis,_______________?
e. I am a citizen of India,_____________?
4.A. (i) What is the theme of the poem “After Blenheim” 1x10=10
(ii) Rewrite the following sentences correcting the underlined parts.        5x1=5
a. My luggage were left at the waiting room
 b. Ravi rears the sheeps.
c. Kalam had wide knowledges about space.
d. I am awaiting for his reply.
e. It is raining since this morning.
(iii) Write the number of syllables for the following words.               5x1=5
a. Friendly b. School
c. Principal             d. Mobile e.  Economics

Or

B.(i) Discuss “ After Blenheim “ as an anti war poem. 1x10=10
(ii) Word endings- Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word(ends with “ible/able’) 5x1=5
a. In these days, it is very difficult to get ___________water even in villages also.
b. It is easily __________________, high in protein and calorie content.
c. Those who have completed MA in English with first class are ________for this post
d. The voices were ____________now.
e. It was a _____________moment  in his life
  ( audible, memorable, eligible ,potable, digestible)
(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable collocations from the list given below. 5x1=5
a. My grand father was a ____________. He died of lung cancer.
b. Mukesh Ambani is going to _________________
c. We must ____________ to the discussion
d. It is a ______________ if you miss it , you will regret it.
e. The teacher gave us ______________________on taking tests.
     ( heavy smoker, golden opportunity, some advice, launch a new project, pay attention)