Sunday, March 31, 2024

Takeaways from James Allen book The Mastery of Destiny

 The Mastery of Destiny by James Allen


James Allen's The Mastery of Destiny is a spiritual and practical guide to shaping our lives as we wish. Key takeaways from the book.

  • Fate vs free will (controversy between Fatalism and Free will Or Determinism and Free will) 
  • Law of Cause and effect (causation) 
  • Birth and Death are inevitable and they are not in our control
  • Man proposes God disposes. 
  • An act repeated a large number of times becomes unconscious, or automatic. 
  • The character of an individual at birth is a combination of habits which he himself has built up by his own thoughts and acts during the course of his evolution. 
  • Men reap what they sow. 
  • As the individual reaps what he does, so the nation, being a community of individual, reaps also what it sows. (20) 
  • Natural scientist vs divine scientist. 
  • The book is based on the line, ” For man is man, master of his fate." Alfred Tennyson

Chapter 1 - Deeds, character, and destiny

The essence of chapter:-The deeds of a man build his character and shape his destiny. 

Man understands that he cannot control all the things in the universe. A superpower, fate, or destiny rules over man. A man lacks control over his predestined fate. Birth and death are inevitable. 

There has been a controversy over the years between fatalism and free will. Fatalism says that everything is predetermined and we have no control over our destiny. Free will implies that destiny or fate does not dictate our actions.

"Man chooses the cause (this is free will); he cannot choose, alter, or avert the effect (this is fate); thus, free will stands for the power to initiate causes, and destiny is involvement in effects" (13). 

If the character was given a man at birth, he would not be held responsible for his deeds. The characters have evolved over the years and are the combined result of an incalculable number of deeds.

"As the doer of his deeds and maker of his character, he is the moulder and shaper of his destiny" (14).

chapter 2- The science of self control 

The science of self-control, the most important of all the sciences, is almost forgotten. 

A natural scientist is one who understands and dominates the forces of external nature, but one who understands the internal forces of the mind is a divine scientist. The natural scientist follows five sequential steps to acquire knowledge. 

1.observation 2.experiment 3.classification 4.deduction 5.knowledge.

The divine scientist also follows the same steps but instead of focusing on external things, he studies his own mind. 

5 steps

1.Introspection, 2.Self analysis

3.Adjustment, 4.Righteousness

5.pure knowledge




Tuesday, March 19, 2024

The Ungrateful Man: A Conversation between Trees Swathi Shenoy

Kakatiya University Degree English Sem 4

Unit- 3.The Ungrateful Man: A Conversation between Trees



Swathi Shenoy

Visit writer's blog

https://swathishenoy.blogspot.com/?m=1

Video lesson

https://youtu.be/spbCGRVORC8?si=Xx0O6TlFSwv4xeac

Q. 1.Effective acts of conservation support our natural environment'. Evaluate your answer with regard to the story The Ungrateful Man: A conversation between Trees.

 Q. 2.what did the trees start talking among themselves in the story The Ungrateful Man: A conversation between Trees?

Q. 3.How are humans portrayed in this story? Support your answer with examples from the text. 

About the author

Swathi Shenoy is a writer, poet,travel enthusiast, and nature lover. Her popular stories are 'Meet the Story Tellers: Falak Randerian', "Loneliness: A Chapter from the Ramayana". "A Mother's Heart" and "A Woman's Cry" are her well-known poems. 

About the text:. 

This short story is a conversation among trees. The writer presents the indifferent attitude of humans towards trees. The short conversation brings out the human foolish act of deforestation, causing ecological imbalance and destruction in the name of development. The writer personified the trees. The trees talk like humans and express their anguish towards the selfish man.

 The trees in the forest talked among themselves about the construction of a huge building, i.e., a mall. Human greed and ingratitude made all the trees gloomy, and they were worried about noise pollution and deforestation, resulting in the conversion of most of the forest into barren land.

A tree lamented that the human race was ungrateful, though they served all their lives to them. It wondered when people would realise their folly. The tallest tree, which was quiet for a long time, started talking. It worried about its friends, birds, and animals, which had made their home on trees. 

A man came to the tallest tree, examined and scribbled something on its trunk, and then did the same for the next tree. Then another man came with an axe and started chopping. The shorter tree cried silently for the loss of its friend. The next step would be her turn. The man would know the value of trees in the future. The ecological imbalance will lead to his own destruction. The tree waiting for his turn says that a man would not be able to lead a happy life without trees. The writer criticizes the man's over- exploitation and destruction of nature in the name of economic development.

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Click the below link 

Interview with Swathi Shenoy by Nainika Gautam.  https://gargipublishers.blogspot.com/2015/09/interview-with-swathi-shenoy-by-nainika.html?m=1.

Climate Change and Global Warming Michael Shafer

 Kakatiya University Degree English Sem 4

Unit 2- Climate Change and Global Warming

                                     Michael Shafer

Define global warming based on what you have learnt from the text? 

What are green gases? Explain the significance behind their name? 

Michael Shafer is an author,consultant and a teacher. He is a founder and director of Warm Heart, a community development organization set up in Chiang Mai,Thailand.Michael is working with Warm Heart to combat the problem of crop burning that takes place in Thailand each year.

Michael goes into great detail about the effects of global warming and climate change in this essay. It speaks of major, long-term shifts in the climate that occur worldwide as a result of rising earth's temperatures. The increase in the average temperature is known as global warming. The earth's greenhouse, the atmosphere, retains heat instead of transmitting it back into space. Greenhouse gases are the cause of global warming.

Rising sea levels, melting glaciers, intense rainstorms and stronger storms, heat waves and droughts, altered ecosystems, consequences on agricultural output, and a rise in pests and disease are all consequences of climate change and global warming together.

More than 95% of scientists agree that rising greenhouse gas (GHG) and other human-caused emission concentrations are the primary cause of almost all global warming.

Gaining greenhouse gas accumulations in the earth's atmosphere.The gases that absorb and release heat radiation in the atmosphere include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone, along with water vapour. Changes in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases alter the retention or release of solar heat. According to Michael's argument, greenhouse gases are the cause of global warming. Greenhouse gases alone are to blame for even climate change.

The interconnected system of the sun, earth, and oceans; of the wind, rain, and snow; of forests and deserts; and of human activity is the global climate. Climate change is impacting the lives of millions of people, properties, farms, and ecosystems.

Therefore, researchers are currently studying the causes and effects of climate change and global warming on Earth's surface.

 

 

 


Friday, March 8, 2024

house of cards by Sudha Murty-Summary&Analysis

 House of Cards-Summary&Analysis

Sudha Murty, a bilingual writer, both in English and Kannada, is a widely read novelist in India. She is a philanthropist,educator,writer, and former chairperson of the Infosys foundation. She has been nominated for Rajyasabha by the president Droupadi Murmu. Her novels focus much on conflicts in relationships that arise due to materialism, family statuses, selfishness, ambition, the ill effects of money on relationships, marital, and generational issues. She depicts strong female characters who evolve into new women despite hurdles in life. Shrikant's insatiable thirst for money and power and over ambition are causes for the conflict in "gently falls bakula". Social stigma of vitiligo skin disease, differences in family status, and betrayal of a male spouse are the major reasons for conflict in "Mahasweta". The conflict between a materialistic mother-in-law and an affectionate bahu is portrayed in "Dollar Bahu".

house of cards:-

Main Characters :-

Mridula -Dr. Sanjay

Shishir- son of Mridula and Sanjay

Kantamma- mother of Dr. Sanjay

Lakshmi and Suresh- Dr. Sanjay's sister and brother-in-law

Bhemanna and Rukuma Bai- Mridula's parents

Champa Bai- Mridula's neighbour

Dr. Chandrakanth Jog- Champak Bai's nephew who lives in Bombay

Alex - Dr. Sanjay's friend. 

Anita- wife of Alex. 

As with her other novels, this one is also woven around Indian middle class family themes. House of Cards is a story revolving around the life of Mridula, a beautiful and intelligent girl from Aladahalli village in Karnataka. Her parents are Bheemanna and Rukma Bai, a well-to-do family in the village. She says to the villagers, “I am Amma's girl and Appa's world" (3). Mridula is not like all other village girls; she is enthusiastic and wishes to spend every day fruitfully. “Every day was to be lived to its fullest, and every beautiful minute was to be enjoyed” (2). Mridula gets a government school teacher job. She meets Dr. Sanjay at her friend Surekha’s wedding in Hubli. Teachers’ association plans to visit tourist places in Maharashtra such as Pune,, Ajanta, Ellora, and Elephanta Caves in Bombay.

Mridula calls Dr.Chandrakant Jog in Bombay, the nephew of Champa Bai, to seek help when she is unwell during her trip. Champa Bai is her neighbour in Aladahalli. On the request of Dr. Jog, Dr. Sanjay brings her to their hospital and takes care of her till she recovers. Dr. Sanjay and Mridula both belong to the same community and speak the same language, Kannada. 

Dr. Sanjay hails from T. Narsipura village, a pilgrimage place, on the banks of the River Kaveri, and belongs to an ordinary family. During their visit to the Elephanta Islands on boat, Mridula realises that he has a deformity in his hand, i.e., one of Sanjay's arms is shorter than the other. Sanjay hands over his first love letter with hesitation at the VT station while the train is about to leave. 

Dr. Sanjay’s mother is Ratnamma, a popular money lender in his native village. She supported her son’s medical education in Bangalore despite having a lot of financial problems.

Dr. Sanjay and Mridula marry with their parents' consent. Mridula takes a transfer to a government school in Yelahanka. They both start a new life in Bangalore. While working in a hospital, Dr. Sanjay prepares for a post-graduation exam. He recalls Dr. Jog's words: 'If you concentrate and learn, acquire knowledge and skill, then that is real talent. If you run after money more than work, then money will run away from you. If you acquire skills, money will run after you'(65). 

Dr. Sanjay gets admission to the PG course in gynecology. Mridula's salary is the main source of income for them. They move to Vijayanagar and fortunately, Mridula gets a transfer to Vijayanagar High school. After four years, Sanjay starts working as a doctor and lecturer in a government hospital.
Lakshmi becomes upset upon learning that her brother, Sanjay, is working for a low salary in a government hospital. She feels he is wasting his valuable time doing a permanent job with the government instead of opening a private clinic in a good location. Dr. Sanjay is an idealist and service-oriented man. He wants to go to the USA with government-recommended sponsorship from WHO funds. He gets depressed by the health officials' lackadaisical attitude. Alex, his friend, who comes from the Middle East,puts forth a proposal with Sanjay to start a nursing home in Bangalore, as the city is growing with software company offices. Though Dr. Sanjay's mind agrees with Alex's, his heart doesn't accept it. Mridula leaves her son Shishir at Muniyappa House while she is going to work. Muniyappa and Kantamma became surrogate grandparents. 
Vatsala, Mrudula's brother's wife, wishes to move to Hubli and visits Aladahalli only on weekends. Vatsala is unfriendly with Mridula and picks up fights whenever she visits Aladahalli. 

Dr. Sanjay is transferred to Bellary on false charges. He visits the health minister for cancellation, but to no avail. Sanjay quits his government job and starts a nursing home, investing 25 lakhs with Alex. Soon, the hospital became popular. Fourteen years have passed since Dr. Sanjay amassed wealth, a Mercedes car, and a posh bungalow in JP Nagar. 

Shishir secures a rank in a medical examination. Dr. Sanjay pampers him and suggests that money is the most important thing in the world. Mridula opposes his immoral education. 

 When Mridula checks the cupboard in the hospital, she finds out the joint account bank passbook of Sanjay and his sister, Lakshmi, the gift deed of a car to Anil, the receipt of 10 lakhs sent to his mother, and the documents of a house purchased for Lakshmi. She believes Sanjay deceived her. Mridula gets upset knowing that Sanjay has charged for Anuradha's (sister-in-law of Muniyappa's) delivery, though she tells him not to charge.Muniyappa and Kantamma have taken care of Shishir at their home, when Mridula leaves for work. Mridula has had some sessions with Dr. Rao, a psychologist, to get out of depression. She feels Sanjay has changed a lot with money, success and power. Mridula overhears Alex and Sanjay talk on the phone about placing Lakshmi as a director instead of her. Mridula leaves Sanjay and moves to Aladahalli to live a life of her own. 

The novel ends with the scene in which Mridula swings to the Banyan tree without any bondage and with a free mind. Sanjay holds the swing with one good arm.

Analysis:-

Dr. Sanjay's character is an example of how human behaviour can change over time with the flow of excess money and pride in life. At the beginning of his career, Sanjay was the people's doctor, but his bitter experiences in government hospitals turned him into a money-minded doctor. He fleeced gullible patients in his private clinic. 

The couple has different ideologies. The author depicts the clash between ethics and materialism. Murty draws contrasts between the simple life of Aladahalli village and commercialised Bangalore city life. Mridula is an idealist. She is the embodiment of innocence, simplicity, and affection. She emphasises moral virtues and sincerity in life, whereas Sanjay strongly feels money is the most important thing that can bring success.  

At the opening of the private hospital,their unwritten agreement was that Mridula would look after the accounts, and he would take care of the hospital. Sanjay deceives Mridula by hiding the details of money given to his sister, brother-in-law, and nephew,Anil. This creates a rift between them. "Every girl dreams of a wonderful marriage but for most, that dream never becomes real. Life after marriage is a battle"(207). Mridula on one of her visits to Dr. Rao, a psychologist, tells how Sanjay has changed over time. After a thorough study, Dr. Rao put forth the reasons for Sanjay's attitude."The situation was different then. He was concentrating on studying and working hard. His motive wasn't making money and your decisions were important. He may have gone through difficult situations where he was humiliated because he wasn't powerful. Maybe that's why he believes that power is money’(210). She was the decision-maker then, but now money and success have brought up ego issues for Sanjay. He has no good communication with his wife. He feels money makes him powerful. 

Mridula begins an independent new life in Aladahalli. The novel ends with the line "Sanjay was holding the swing, with his one good arm" (232). It can be understood that Sanjay supports her wish to live a free life. 

 

Tuesday, March 5, 2024

A Requiem for Earth poem O. N. V. Kurup

Kakatiya University Degree English Sem 4

Unit 2- Requiem for Earth poem O. N. V. Kurup(Translated by K. Jayakumar) 


Oh still-not-dead Earth!

Peace to you in your imminent death

Written in my heart. 

these lines are 

funeral song (and mine).

Tomorrow, when you freeze

 In the shade of the dark flower of death

 No one will be here 

To shed a last teardrop

 On your lifeless lips! 

I write this down for you Oh still-not-dead Earth! 

Peace to you in your imminent death.


You are mother to the mother of the Ancient twelve clans.

 You gave birth to children

 Who would not live in harmony;

 Watching one slaying the other to devour 

You shed silent invisible tears. 

Then by and by 

They started eating you up 

In small bouts of revelry; 

You did not stop them

 But endured it all in great patience. 

Those whom you breastfed 

Rolling up your green raiment 

Have all grown big! 

They had a thirst (their final thirst!) 

To taste the sacred blood of your heart! 

They ripped open the embellished drape

 The Sun had gifted his favourite bride; Piercing your naked body with fingernails, 

They drank the blood oozing from your wounds; 

And in that ribald merriment

The rhythm of death reverberates. 

The tale of the Greek youth

 Inadvertently wedding his mother

 Is indeed old and stale! 

These children of Earth 

Script a new tale, disrobing their mother; 

They sell it in the marketplace and drink. 

As their boorish nails-those sharp axes- Continue their fun, 

The burning eyes of the Sun

 Rain in flaming rage.

 Rainclouds seek water to drink; 

Misty nights long for chill; 

Spring is in search of a tiny flower; Rivers long to flow. 

The rhyme of creation is all broken;

 The wheels of the chariot of life Are mired in slush. 

As long as there remains a drop Of the moonlight of awarenessIn consciousnes

 I who was born from you 

And sustained by you 

Will retain those memories


As honey and vayambu on my tongue. 

You are my maiden delight; 

You are my final joy

 As the holy water drop

 Extinguishes my flame. 

The sight of a tiny sun in a dewdrop

 On a blade of grass sprouted in you 

Had ushered in me a splendid dawn.


The deer of my desire grazed

In the shade of your woods.

Like some emergent Prophet

Winds walked on the surface of your sea. With cradle and lullaby

For a thousand tender fruits

You are awake

You provide swings in a thousand groves

And flutter atop the peepul branch.

You stay there waving your flowery palms

And coo like pigeons. You share my rapture.

You shuffle and display your canopies

With the flowering crowns of myriad forest trees. In the rhythmic ripples of a thousand rivers

You scare with the hoot of an owl

And cheer with the shrill of a koel.

You preserve in your casket

A thousand colours to embellish the mind.

You turn the evenings golden.

Disappear into the dark forest, picking up the dusk.

And carry upon your shoulders yet another dawn.

To awaken me and to feed me with honey dew

You hatch an egg in the nest of a halcyon forest

And open it as gently as a poem. You are the lotus-leaf support

For my water drop-like existence.

I know you are in me in full measure

And these memories are indeed my elixir.

The sweet truth of this fleeting existence


Glows for a moment on the tip of your feather: You are the enchanting swan With music on her wings. Let that be gone!

But the elixir that is you

Too has been defiled

By the pecking of the crow of death...!

While you move along the solar path as a castaway

With tonsured head and the bundle of humiliation

And the burden of your children's sins,

With the flame of terrible pain

In your half-empty mind,

Dreadful death is seeping into your nerves... Oh still-not-dead Earth!

This is your song of peace in death

Written in my heart

For your funeral (and mine).

As I shall not remain

To shed the last teardrop on your lifeless lips

Let me write this down:

Oh still-not-dead Earth!

Peace to you in your imminent death.

Eternal peace to you

On your impending death.

Summary:-

The poem Requiem for Earth is written by O. N. V. Kurup (1931–2016). He was a poet, lyricist, and professor of Malayalam literature. He served as a professor at various prestigious government colleges in Kerala. He received numerous prestigious awards including, the Jnanpith Award (2007), Padma Shri (1998), Padma Vibushan (2011), and Kendra Sahithya Akademi Award (1975). 

The poet laments the plight of the earth at the hands of its human inhabitants. The poem is at once an appeal, a warning, and a dirge.

The poem A Requiem for Earth is an outcry against the exploitation of nature and Earth by human beings in the name of development. The poet foresees that a day will come when nothing will be left on earth. If the destruction and exploitation continues,there will be no one to even sing a requiem for her.

In the present poem, the poet ONV is of the opinion that Mother Nature is on the verge of extinction. This is because of the deeds of a human being. Man, for the sake of his comfort, is going on to destroy nature. The result is that now we have very few natural resources and unfavourable weather conditions.

Man should be thankful to nature for providing all the things he needs. He longs to live in the shade of the trees and listen to the music that nature plays. He loves to be a part of nature. But the poet laments, saying that though Mother Nature has given everything to her children, they in turn are ungrateful and are continuously harming her by destroying nature in various ways.

The poet feels very sad and sings a sad song for nature, warning mankind that if this continues, a day will come when the whole world will come to an end. So, the poet says it is better to control himself and let nature live on her own.

The poet urges human beings to be grateful to Mother Earth for nurturing and preserving them. O.N.V. points out those human beings with her own milk by eliminating her greenery dress and the verdant hues. Even after drinking her milk, humans were not able to satisfy their thirst, and they began to suck her blood too. The poet anticipates the death of our mighty Earth.